北京的著名景點有故宮英文介紹

① 我們首先去了北京最著名的景點故宮博物院的英文

We first went to Beijing the most famous scenic spots of the Imperial Palace Museum
我們首先去了北京最著名的景點故回宮博物院答

② 故宮英文介紹

故宮，舊稱紫禁城，位於北京中軸線的中心，是明清兩個朝代二十四位皇帝的皇宮，佔地面積72萬平方米，建築面積約15萬平方米。明成祖朱棣永樂四年（1406年）開始營建，永樂十八年（1420年）落成。
北京故宮為明成祖朱棣於西元1406年基本上是在元朝大都皇宮的基礎上開始建設的，設計師為木匠出身的蒯祥，西元1420年正式落成，從1420年落成到1911年清帝遜位的約五百年間，共有明清兩代二十四帝在故宮生活過。明朝初期有殿宇1630餘座，清朝乾隆時期有殿宇1800餘座，現存殿宇約2631座；紫禁城各宮殿樣式圖細畫至「寸」，自康熙起雷氏家族代代測量、繪制典藏到民國初年。
故宮在辛亥革命之前被稱為「紫禁城」。它的名字來自「紫微星垣」，中國古代星像學家把天上的星星分為三垣，四象，二十八星宿等。其中三垣指紫微星垣，太微星垣和天市星垣。紫微星垣居於正中，據傳皇天上帝的居所（紫宮）就在紫微星垣中，人間皇帝自稱「天子」便仿皇天上帝居所的名字用其「紫」字為紫禁城。

The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the mid-Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the Dongcheng District, in the middle of Beijing, China, and now houses the Palace Museum. For almost five centuries, it served as the home of the Emperor and his household, as well as the ceremonial and political centre of Chinese government.
Built from 1406 to 1420, the complex consists of 980 surviving buildings with 8,707 bays of rooms and covers 720,000 square metres. The palace complex exemplifies traditional Chinese palatial architecture, and has influenced cultural and architectural developments in East Asia and elsewhere. The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987, and is listed by UNESCO as the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the world.
Since 1924, the Forbidden City has been under the charge of the Palace Museum, whose extensive collection of artwork and artefacts were built upon the imperial collections of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Part of the museum's former collection is now located in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. Both museums descend from the same institution, but were split after the Chinese Civil War.

③ 北京故宮英文介紹

北京故宮是中國明清兩代的皇家宮殿，舊稱紫禁城，位於北京中軸線的中心，是中國古代宮廷建築之精華。

The the Imperial Palace of Beijing is the imperial palace of the two dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as the Forbidden City, located in the center of Beijing's central axis. It is the cream of ancient Chinese palace architecture.

北京故宮以三大殿為中心，佔地面積72萬平方米，建築面積約15萬平方米，有大小宮殿七十多座，房屋九千餘間。是世界上現存規模最大、保存最為完整的木質結構古建築之一。

Beijing Palace Museum is centered on three main halls, covering an area of 720,000 square meters, with a construction area of about 150,000 square meters. It has more than 70 palaces and more than 9,000 houses. It is one of the largest and most complete ancient wooden structures in the world.

北京故宮於明成祖永樂四年（1406年）開始建設，以南京故宮為藍本營建，到永樂十八年（1420年）建成。

The Beijing Palace Museum was built in 1406 in Yongle, Chengzu, Ming Dynasty. It was built on the basis of the Nanjing Palace Museum and completed in 1420 in Yongle, Ming Dynasty.

它是一座長方形城池，南北長961米，東西寬753米，四面圍有高10米的城牆，城外有寬52米的護城河。紫禁城內的建築分為外朝和內廷兩部分。

It is a rectangular city pool, 961 meters long north and south, 753 meters wide East and west, surrounded by a wall 10 meters high, and 52 meters wide moat outside. The buildings in the Forbidden City are divided into two parts: the Outer Dynasty and the Inner Court.

外朝的中心為太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，統稱三大殿，是國家舉行大典禮的地方。

The center of the foreign Dynasty is the Hall of Taihe, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe, which are collectively called the three halls.

內廷的中心是乾清宮、交泰殿、坤寧宮，統稱後三宮，是皇帝和皇後居住的正宮。

They are the places where the national ceremonies are held. The center of the Inner Court is the Qianqing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, which are collectively called the Hou Three Palaces and are the main palace where emperors and queens live.

(3)北京的著名景點有故宮英文介紹擴展閱讀：

一、名稱考義

故宮又稱紫禁城。中國古代講究「天人合一」的規劃理念，用天上的星辰與都城規劃相對應，以突出政權的合法性和皇權的至高性。

天帝居住在紫微宮，而人間皇帝自詡為受命於天的「天子」，其居所應象徵紫微宮以與天帝對應，《後漢書》載「天有紫微宮，是上帝之所居也。王者立宮，象而為之」。

紫微、紫垣、紫宮等便成了帝王宮殿的代稱。由於封建皇宮在古代屬於禁地，常人不能進入，故稱為「紫禁」。但明朝初期稱為「皇城」，直接稱呼為「紫禁城」則大約始於明朝中晚期。

二、建築規模

北京故宮由明朝皇帝朱棣始建，設計者為蒯祥（1397—1481年，字廷瑞，蘇州人）。佔地72萬平方米（長961米，寬753米），建築面積約15萬平方米，佔地面積72萬平方米，用100萬民工。

共建了14年，有房屋9999間半，實際據1973年專家現場測量故宮有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共計8707間（而此「間」並非現今房間之概念，此處「間」指四根房柱所形成的空間）。

④ 用英語來介紹北京故宮各景點背景、歷史信息、主要觀賞點

The fobbiden City is the palace museum; also know as the Purple Forbidden City. It is the largest and most well reserved imperial residence in China today. Under Ming Emperor Yongle, construction began in 1406. It took 14years to build the Forbidden City. The first ruler who actually lived here was Ming Emperor Zhudi. For five centuries thereafter, it continued to be the residence of23 successive emperors until 1911 when Qing Emperor Puyi was forced to abdicate the throne. In 1987, the United Nations Ecational, Scientific and Cultural Organization recognized the Forbidden City was a world cultural legacy.

It is believed that the Palace Museum, or Zi Jin Cheng (Purple Forbidden City), got its name from astronomy folklore, The ancient astronomers divided the constellations into groups and centered them around the Ziwei Yuan (North Star) . The constellation containing the North Star was called the Constellation of Heavenly God and star itself was called the purple palace. Because the emperor was supposedly the son of the heavenly gods, his central and dominant position would be further highlighted the use of the word purple in the name of his residence. In folklore, the term 「an eastern purple cloud is drifting」 became a metaphor for auspicious events after a purple cloud was seen drifting eastward immediately before the arrival of an ancient philosopher, LaoZi, to the Hanghu Pass. Here, purple is associated with auspicious developments. The word jin (forbidden) is self-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-explanatory as the imperial palace was heavily guarded and off-limits to ordinary people.

The red and yellow used on the palace walls and roofs are also symbolic. Red represents happiness, good fortune and wealth. Yellow is the color of the earth on the Loess Plateau, the original home of the Chinese people. Yellow became an imperial color ring the Tang dynasty, when only members of the royal family were allowed to wear it and use it in their architecture.

The Forbidden City is rectangular in shape. It is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meter wide from east west. It has 9,900 rooms under a total roof area 150,000 square meters. A 52-meter-wide-moat encircles a 9. 9-meter—high wall which encloses the complex. Octagon —shaped turrets rest on the four corners of the wall. There are four entrances into the city: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate (Gate of Military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Gate of military Prowess) to the north, and the Xihua Gate (Western Flowery Gate ) to the west, the Donghua (Eastern Flowery Gate) to the east.

Manpower and materials throughout the country were used to build the Forbidden City. A total of 230,000 artisans and one million laborers were employed. Marble was quarried from fangshan Country Mount Pan in Jixian County in Hebei Province. Granite was quarried in Quyang County in Hebei Province. Paving blocks were fired in kilns in Suzhou in southern China. Bricks and scarlet pigmentation used on the palatial walls came from linqing in Shandong Province. Timber was cut, processed and hauled from the northwestern and southern regions.

⑤ 北京故宮英文版導游詞

北京故宮導游詞 故宮佔地72萬平方米，其中建築面積為16.3萬平方米，南北長961米，東西寬753米，周圍有10米高的城牆環繞，還有寬52米的護城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角樓。根據1973年的統計，故宮有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共計8704間。明朝永樂皇帝朱棣登基不久，在永樂四年，也就是1406年下詔營建北京紫禁城。修建分為兩個階段，第一階段是從永樂四年開始備料，而第二階段就是在永樂十五年，1417年六月開始動工興建，歷時14年，在永樂十八年，1420年完工。在建造過程中，徵集了全國10萬名能工巧匠和民夫100萬人，而建築材料都來自全國各地，比如漢白玉石來北京房山，金磚來自蘇州，石灰來自河北易州，五色虎皮石來自河北薊縣盤山，殿基所用的精磚石來自山東臨清，松木多來自東北，而楠木多來自四川、雲貴、浙江等地，可見當時工程的浩大。故宮基本上是按照明中都皇宮的藍圖而修建的，布局規劃遵循了《周禮·考工計》的都城設計禮制：前朝後寢，左祖右社。大致分為南北兩個部分，南半部位前朝，北半部則為後寢。前朝是以太和、中和、保和三大殿為中心，文華殿和武英殿為東西兩翼，是皇帝舉行朝會的地方。而後寢則是以乾清、交泰、坤寧這後三殿以及東西六宮、御花園為中心，外東路、外西路的建築為主，是皇帝處理日常政務和後宮皇妃居住、祭祀的地方。左祖右社是這樣布局的：在午門外東側是皇帝祭祖的場所太廟，西側則是祭社稷的場所社稷壇。按照這種布局建築而成的故宮就是明清兩代24位皇帝的皇宮，其中明朝14位，清朝10位，統治時間總共長達五個世紀。由於它在中國歷史上的特殊地位和它精美的建築群體，所以在1987年被聯合國教科文組織收錄到了《世界文化遺產名錄》當中，成為世界上規模最大、保存最完整的宮殿建築群。現在在北京有一條貫穿南北的中軸線，被梁思成先生稱為偉大的中軸線，全長8.5公里，南起永定門，北到鍾樓，其中包括故宮在內的皇城就佔了三分之一。這條中軸線也叫做龍脈，線上的景山是內城的中心點，也是故宮的鎮山。 我們有時候還把故宮叫做紫禁城，而它的名稱是怎樣得來的呢？我國古代天文學家把天上的主要恆星分為三垣、四象和二十八星宿。三垣是太微垣、紫微垣和天市垣。其中紫薇垣居中，是天上皇帝所居住的地方，稱為紫宮。封建帝王自稱是天帝的兒子，所以他們也把自己居住的皇宮象徵為天上的紫宮。而且皇帝居住的地方戒備森嚴，不許庶民百姓接近，是絕對的禁地，又稱為禁宮，所以這里也被叫做紫禁城。這里共有四道門，分別是午門、神武門、東華門和西華門。而紫禁城的正門就是午門，因為在羅盤上，上午的代表正南，所以午門也是南大門的意思。它的平面呈「凹」字型，從漢代的門闕形制演變過來。下端有高12米的墩台，正中的墩台上面有門樓，兩側還設有鍾鼓亭，東西兩側突出的部分叫觀，上部各有廊廡13間，兩端還建有重檐攢尖方亭。中央的廣場叫闕。在明清兩代，這里是朝廷舉行頒朔大典和獻俘典禮的地方。正中開了三道門，兩側都有掖門，這種做法稱為「明三暗五」。五個門洞都有各自的用途：中門是皇帝專用的，或者皇帝大婚的時候，皇後可以從這里入宮，科考三甲也可以從這里入宮；平時，文武百官走左門，宗室王公走右門；掖門只有在大型活動的時候才開，三品以下的官員按照文東武西分別通過東西掖門，外國使節要從西掖門才可以入宮；在殿試的時候，考生分單雙號，從東西掖門中通過。 進入午門，我們首先看到的就是內金水河，它自西向東蜿蜒流過太和門廣場，上邊還有五座漢白玉石橋，就是內金水橋了。內金水河的作用不僅是故宮中排水的主要通道，也是建築和滅火的主要水源，同時還起到了點綴景觀的作用，使太和門廣場在雄渾中不失秀美。 在太和門兩旁還有兩道門，就是德昭門和貞度門。每逢皇帝出宮，都要在太和門換車，而且皇帝大婚的時候，皇後也要從太和門進入皇宮。在光緒四年的時候就發生了這樣一件事：在光緒皇帝大婚前夕，太和門突然被火燒毀了，可是大婚當天皇後要從這里經過，所以朝廷就在北京尋找了能工巧匠，連夜用綵綢還有木料搭建了一座假的太和門，才使得婚禮如期進行，而在第二年，太和門才重建完成。 過了太和門我們就進入了太和殿廣場，它面積有3萬多平方米，在每年的元旦、冬至、還有皇帝生日以及一些重大活動的時候，都要在太和殿以及太和殿廣場舉行隆重的朝禮。 現在我們面前這座宏偉的建築就是太和殿了，它和中和殿還有保和殿是建立在一個土字型的三層台基上，台基南北長230米，高8.13米，在四周圍還建有一些樓閣，其實就是清朝內務府所管轄的庫房。太和殿是故宮中最高最大的建築，面積有2377平方米，通高35.05米，面闊11間，進深5間。其實在明朝奉天殿的時候，這里市面闊9間，進深5間的大殿，到了清朝年間，將它改為了現在的大小，其實在兩側的夾室是封閉的，不能作為正殿使用，所以實際上還市面闊9間，進深5間，同時，也將它改名為太和殿。太和二字出自於《周易》中的：「保合大和」，而太和的觀念是上古天人和一觀念的延伸，強調了君臣之間，人與自然之間還有個民族之間的和諧。在太和殿的屋頂正脊上還有一個高3.36米的大吻，往下還有11個垂脊獸，在我國古代，異獸的數量越多，代表了殿宇等級越高。在殿內有72根大住支撐，當中的六根是瀝粉貼金雲龍圖案的金柱，上面支撐了藻井，再藻井當中雕刻有蟠龍，龍口中銜有軒轅鏡。軒轅二字出自於我國古代天文學中的軒轅星，意思就是軒轅黃帝之星，也是掌管雷雨之星，在殿頂上建有藻井，一是為了代表當朝的皇帝才是中華民族的正統繼承人，第二則是起到了鎮火的作用。
殿內的陳設也非常的多。金鑾寶座是明代的遺物，清朝的皇帝繼續使用。在袁復辟的時候，曾經將它換成了一個中西合璧，不倫不類類似沙發的座椅，解放以後，專家們在傢具庫中發現了原來的寶座，經過一年多的整修，終於恢復了它本來的面貌。殿內的地平床高6尺多，上面設有屏風，寶座等，在檯面上還有香亭、仙鶴等等。在皇帝上朝的時候，就要點燃檀香，烘托出一種神秘的氣氛。殿中有一隻象，身上駝著寶瓶，裡面放有五穀，寓意天下太平，吉慶有餘。而象身四腳立地，穩如泰山，象徵社會和政權的穩固。稱為太平有象。角端，是傳說中的一種神獸，象徵著當今皇帝是聖明之君。仙鶴被古人認為是一種長壽鳥，象徵著江山長存。香亭是從香爐演變而來的，放在殿中，象徵著國家安定。 在太和殿外還有很多的陳設。日 ：是我國古代的計時器，在此處標準的北京時間測量則是乾隆年間全國的標准化計量器，在乾清宮前也有一個。銅龜銅鶴都是長壽的動物，放置在這里也是寓意長壽。在故宮內有大小水缸308口，用來防火，叫做太平缸。在太和殿外的這兩個鎦金大缸，重2噸，可是上面的黃金卻被八國聯軍用軍刀颳走了。圍繞著太和殿，還有一些故事。在1908年12月，四歲的溥儀在太和殿登基，他的父親跪在寶座下，扶著他，可是溥儀卻哭喊著說：「我不再這兒，我要回家，我不再這兒，我要回家。」他的父親只好說：「別哭了別哭了，快完了。」典禮結束以後，文武百官竊竊私語說這不是個好兆頭。果不其然，三年以後，孫中山先生領導辛亥革命勝利推翻了清王朝，結束了中國的封建帝制。可是在1915年，袁竊取了辛亥革命的勝利果實，自稱「洪憲皇帝」，企圖恢復封建社會，還在太和殿搞了登基典禮，把三大殿中匾額上的滿文統統去掉了。而且還命令京城內的煤鋪把牆上的「元煤」去掉，把元宵改為湯圓。不過他只作了83天的皇帝，就在全國一片倒袁聲中死了。 中和殿在明朝的時候曾經叫做華蓋殿和中極殿，在順治年間改為中和殿，取自《禮記·中庸》「中也者，天下之大本也；和也者，天下之達道也。」殿名體現了儒家的中庸思想在明清兩代舉行大潮禮的時候，皇帝在趕赴太和殿之前，都要在中和殿稍作休息，接受官員朝賀。在遇到重大祭典的時候，還要在前一日閱覽祝文或者檢查種子農具。清朝規定每十年都要修一次皇室的家譜，也就是玉牒，在修訂好以後，就要在中和殿內讓皇帝閱覽，並舉行存放儀式。 過了中和殿，我們就來到了保和殿，明朝這里曾經叫做謹身殿，建極殿，順治年間改為中和殿，名稱來源與太和殿相同，都是保合大和之意。保和殿在明清兩代用途不同。明朝的時候，在舉行冊立大典的時候，皇帝都要在保和殿內更衣。在年底，還要在此宴請文武百官。在清朝的時候，每逢正月十五，除夕，也都要在此舉行宴會。而且這里還是清朝舉行殿試的地方。在保和殿後，有一個巨大的雲龍石雕，是艾葉青石雕刻而成的。清朝乾隆年間，將原來明代所雕刻的花紋去掉，重新雕琢。石雕高16.57米，寬3.07米，厚1.7米，重達200多噸。在石雕四周都是卷草紋，下端是海水江牙紋，中央是飛雲簇擁的九條蛟龍。製作非常精美，是難得的石雕珍品。這塊石頭是來自北京的房山，搬動這塊石頭的時候動用了很多的人力物力。不過這塊石頭為什麼會在保和殿後面，史料上是沒有記載的，根據專家推測，可能是因為這塊石頭運過來以後就放在這里，想要重新移動非常的困難，所以就放在了這里。 游覽完了前三殿，就來到了後寢區的正門乾清門。在後寢區中共有15宮，專家認為，這與天文學中的紫薇垣和八卦都有象徵性的關系。 在清朝康熙年間，乾清門就是舉行御門聽政的地方，而在西側還有一排連房，就是軍機處，他是在雍正年間設立的，直到辛亥革命爆發的時候才被廢除。軍機處是一個非常重要的機構，凌駕於內閣之上，但是當時為了防止泄密事件的發生，督察院每天都要派御史到軍機處旁邊的內務府值班，監視這里的活動。 現在大家看到的就是乾清宮了。乾清二字取自唐代韓愈《六合聖德詩》中的詩句：「乾清坤夷」，意思就是天下清和，各地平安。在明朝和清朝初年，皇帝的寢宮一直都是這里，到了雍正皇帝以後，就挪到了養心殿，從此，乾清宮九成了皇帝聽政的地方。在每年過節的時候，皇帝都要在乾清宮舉行慶典活動，清朝康熙乾隆年間，還在宮內舉行了「千叟宴」。而且「康熙智擒鰲拜」的故事也發生在這里。而且皇帝死後，必須要在這里停靈，祭奠15日，表示壽終正寢，之後才可以轉移到其他地方。在乾清宮內正中設有金漆寶座，後面還有屏風，上面刻有先帝的聖訓。在寶座上方還高懸著「正大光明」的匾額。在雍正皇帝即位以後，對於爭奪皇位的種種弊病，他發布了秘密立儲的上諭，從而改變了封建王朝公開冊禮太子的制度。此後，皇帝親自寫儲君諭旨兩份，一份兒放在這塊正大光明的匾額後邊，另一份兒則自己藏起來。在皇帝去世以後，拿出兩份詔書核對無誤以後，即可生效。 在明朝，圍繞著乾清宮還發生了三大疑案。就是壬寅宮變，紅丸案還有移宮案。壬寅宮變就是在明朝嘉靖年間，皇帝正在乾清宮中睡覺，宮女楊金英等16人一起下手，想把皇帝殺死，但是在慌忙之中卻把繩子打成了死結，所以沒有成功。結果這些人就全都被處死了，這年正好是壬寅年，所以稱為壬寅宮變。自此以後，皇帝不敢在乾清宮中居住，直到臨終前一天才回到了這里，但是當天就死了。紅丸案的發生是在明朝萬曆皇帝朱翊君死了以後，他的兒子朱常洛即位。但是不久他就病了，服用了進貢上來的紅丸，吃了一顆感覺很不錯，所以有吃了第二顆，結果就死在了乾清宮內，前後只作了29天的皇帝，所以被人們稱為一月天子。移宮案是在一月天子朱常洛死了以後，他的愛妃李妃有野心相當皇後，所以就堅持要和即將登基的皇太子朱由校一起住在乾清宮，以此要挾群臣。但是這些大臣設計把太子從她手中騙了出來，可是他還是在乾清宮不走。直到太子即位前一天晚上，大臣一起到門口斥責他，就這樣，他才被迫離開了乾清宮。 在乾清宮的後邊就是交泰殿，取自《易經》中的天地交泰，象徵著帝後生活和諧。在殿中央放有25顆寶璽，上方高懸著康熙皇帝御書、乾隆臨摹的「無為」匾額。東側陳設著我國古代人民發明的計時器——銅壺滴漏，西側陳設著大自鳴鍾一座。此在，在每年皇後的生日，皇後都要在交泰殿接受慶賀禮，就連皇太後還有皇帝都要來這里慶賀。在每年皇後到先蠶壇舉行儀式的前一天都要在這里檢閱採桑工具。

⑥ 北京故宮的英文介紹

難啊

⑦ 故宮英文簡介

北京故宮是中國明清兩代的皇家宮殿，舊稱紫禁城，南北長961米，東西寬米，四面圍有高10米的城牆，城外有寬52米的護城河,真可謂有金城湯池之固。

Beijing Imperial Palace is a royal palace of Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, formerly known as the Forbidden City.

It is 961 meters long from north to south, 753 meters wide from east to west, surrounded by 10 meters high walls, and 52 meters wide moat outside the city. It is really a golden city.

紫禁城有四座城門，南面為午門，北面為神武門，東面為東華門，西面為西華門。城牆的四角，各有一座風姿綽約的角樓，民間有九梁十八柱七十二條脊之說，形容其結構的復雜。

The Forbidden City has four gates, the Meridian Gate in the south, the Shenwu gate in the north, the Donghua gate in the East and the Xihua gate in the West.

In the four corners of the city wall, there is a graceful turret. There are 72 ridges of nine beams and eighteen columns in the folk, which describe the complexity of its structure.

紫禁城內的建築分為外朝和內廷兩部分。外朝的中心為太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，統稱三大殿，是國家舉行大典禮的地方。三大殿左右兩翼輔以文華殿、武英殿兩組建築。

The buildings in the Forbidden City are divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court.

The center of the outer Dynasty is Taihe hall, Zhonghe hall and Baohe hall, collectively referred to as the three halls, which are the places where the state holds grand ceremonies.

The left and right wings of the three halls are supported by two groups of buildings: Wenhua hall and Wuying hall.

內廷的中心是乾清宮、交泰殿、坤寧宮，統稱後三宮，是皇帝和皇後居住的正宮。其後為御花園。後三宮兩側排列著東、西六宮，是後妃們居住休息的地方。

The center of the inner court is Qianqing palace, Jiaotai palace and Kunning palace, collectively referred to as the back three palaces, which are the main palace where the emperor and the empress live.

Then there is the imperial garden. There are six palaces in the East and West on both sides of the rear three palaces, which are the places where the empresses live and rest.

東六宮東側是天穹寶殿等佛堂建築，西六宮西側是中正殿等佛堂建築。外朝、內廷之外還有外東路、外西路兩部分建築。

On the east side of the six Eastern Palaces is the temple of heaven and other Buddhist buildings, and on the west side of the six Western palaces is the main hall and other Buddhist buildings.

Besides the outer court and inner court, there are two parts of buildings, namely, the outer East Road and the outer West Road.

(7)北京的著名景點有故宮英文介紹擴展閱讀：

1987年，北京故宮被列入世界文化遺產。世界遺產組織對故宮的評價是：「紫禁城是中國五個多世紀以來的最高權力中心，它以園林景觀和容納了傢具及工藝品的9000個房間的龐大建築群，成為明清時代中國文明無價的歷史見證。」

故宮成為世界文化遺產，使人們對故宮古建築價值的認識有了深化。故宮所代表的是已經成為歷史的文化，而且有著宮廷文化的外殼，同時它卻代表了當時的主流文化，經過了長時期的歷史篩選和積累，當然不能簡單用「封建落後」來概括。

故宮和博物院不是毫不相干或對立的，而是有機的統一，相得益彰。把它們結合起來，就可看到，故宮博物院是世界上極少數同時具備藝術博物館、建築博物館、歷史博物館、宮廷文化博物館等特色，並且符合國際公認的「原址保護」、「原狀陳列」基本原則的博物館和文化遺產。

世界文化遺產的基本精神是文化的多樣性，從世界文化遺產的角度，人們努力挖掘和認識故宮具有的突出的和普世的價值。

參考資料來源：網路——北京故宮

⑧ 北京故宮的介紹 英文版

故宮.The.Palace.Museum ※

What strikes one first in a bird's -eye view of Beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing brilliantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking on each side. That is the former Imperial Palace, popularly known as the Forbidden City, from which twenty-four emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for some 500 years--from1420 to 1911. The Ming Emperor Yong Le, who usurped the throne from his nephew and made Beijing the capital, ordered its construction, on which approximately 10,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1406 to 1420. At present, the Palace is an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex and more than 900,000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in China.

Located in the center of Beijing, the entire palace area, rectangular in shape and 72 hectares in size, is surrounded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide. At each corner of the wall stands a watchtower with a double-eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles.

The main buildings, the six great halls, one following the other, are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the Meridian Gate, the south entrance, to Shenwumen, the great gate piercing in the north wall. On either side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings. Symmetrically in the northeastern section lie the six Eastern Palaces and in the northwestern section the six Western Palaces. The Palace area is divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The former consists of the first three main halls, where the emperor received his courtiers and concted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence. At the rear of the Inner Palace is the Imperial Garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation.

The main entrance to the Palace is the Meridian Gate(1), which was so named because the emperor considered himself the "Son of the Heaven" and the Palace the center of the universe, hence the north-south axis as the Meridian line going right through the Palace. The gate is crowned with five towers, commonly known as the Five-Phoenix Towers(2), which were installed with drums and bells. When the emperor went to the Temple of Heaven, bells were struck to mark this important occasion. When he went to the Ancestral Temple, it was the drums that were beaten to publicize the event.

Beyond the Meridian Gate unfolds a vast courtyard across which the Inner Golden Water River runs from east to west. The river is spanned by five bridges, which were supposed to be symbols of the five virtues preached by Confucius--benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity(3).

At the north end of the courtyard is a three-tiered white marble terrace, seven meters above the ground, on which, one after another, stand three majestic halls; the Hall of Supreme Harmony(4), the Hall of Complete Harmony(5), and the Hall of Preserving Harmony(6).

The Hall of Supreme Harmony, rectangular in shape, 27 meters in height, 2,300 square meters in area, is the grandest and most important hall in the Palace complex. It is also China's largest existing palace of wood structure and an outstanding example of brilliant color combinations. This hall used to be the throne hall for ceremonies which marked great occasions: the Winter Solstice, the Spring Festival, the emperor's birthday and enthronement, and the dispatch of generals to battles, etc. On such occasions there would be an imperial guard of honor standing in front of the Hall that extended all the way to the Meridian gate.

On the north face of the hall in the center of four coiled-golden dragon columns is the "Golden Throne", which was carved out of sandalwood. The throne rests on a two-meter-high platform with a screen behind it. In front of it, to the left and right, stand ornamental cranes, incense burners and other ornaments. The dragon columns entwined with golden dragons measure one meter in diameter. The throne itself, the platform and the screen are all carved with dragon designs. High above the throne is a color-painted coffered ceiling which changes in shape from square to octagonal to circular as it ascends layer upon layer. The utmost central vault is carved with the gilded design of a dragon toying with pearls. when the Emperor mounted the throne, gold bells and jade chimes sounded from the gallery, and clouds of incense rose from the bronze cranes and tortoises and tripods outside the hall on the terrace. The aura of majesty created by the imposing architecture and solemn ritual were designed to keep the subjects of the "Son of the Heaven" in awe and reverence.

The Hall of Complete Harmony is smaller and square with windows on all sides. Here the emperor rehearsed for ceremonies. It is followed by the Hall of Preserving Harmony in which banquets and imperial examinations were held.

Behind the Hall of Preserving Harmony lies a huge marble ramp with intertwining clouds and dragons carved in relief. The slab, about 6.5 meters long, 3 meters wide and 250 tons in weight, is placed between two flights of marble steps along which the emperor's sedan was carried up or down the terrace. It is the largest piece of stone carving in the Imperial Palace. Quarried in the mountains scores of kilometers southwest of Beijing, this gigantic stone was moved to the city by sliding it over a specially paved ice road in winter. To provide enough water to build the ice road, wells were sunk at very 500 meters along the way.

The three halls of the Inner Palace are replicas of the three halls in the front, but smaller in size. They are the Palace of Heavenly Purity(7), the Hall of Union(8), and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility(9).

The Palace of Heavenly Purity was once the residence of the Ming emperors and the first two of the Qing emperors. Then the Qing Emperor Yong Zheng moved his residence to the Palace of Mental Cultivation and turned it into an audience hall to receive foreign envoys and handled the state affairs. The promotion and demotion of officials were also decided in this hall. After the emperor's death his coffin was placed here for a 49-day period of mourning.

The Palace of Union was the empress's throne room and the Hall of Earthly Tranquility, once a private living room for the empress, was partitioned. The west chamber served religious purposes and the east one was the bridal chamber where the newly married emperor and empress spent their first two nights after their wedding.

The Imperial Garden was laid out ring the early Ming dynasty. Hundreds of pines and cypresses offer shade while various flowers give colors to the garden all year round and fill the air with their fragrance. In he center of the garden is the Hall of Imperial Peace, a Daoist temple, with a flat roof slightly sloping down to the four eaves. This type of roof was rare in ancient Chinese architecture. In he northeastern corner of the garden is a rock hill, known as the Hill of the Piled-up Wonders, which is topped with a pavilion. At the foot of the hill are two fountains which jet two columns of water high into the air. It is said that on the ninth night of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the empress would mound the hill to enjoy the autumn scene. It is also believed that climbing to a high place on that day would keep people safe from contagious diseases.

The six Western Palaces were residences for empresses and concubines. They are kept in their original way for show. The six Eastern Palaces were the residences for them too. But now they serve as special museums: the Museum of Bronze, the Museum of Porcelain and the Museum of Arts and Crafts of the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the northeastern-most section of the Inner Palace are the Museum of Traditional Chinese Paintings and the Museum of Jewelry and Treasures where rare pieces of imperial collections are on display.

Now the Forbidden City is no longer forbidding, but inviting. A visit to the Palace Museum will enrich the visitors' knowledge of history, economy, politics, arts as well as architecture in ancient China.

Notes:

1. the Meridian Gate 午門
2. the Five-Phoenix Towers 五鳳樓
3. benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity 仁、義、禮、智、信
4. the Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿
5. the Hall of Complete Harmony 中和殿
6. the Hall of Preserving Harmony 保和殿
7. the Palace of Heavenly Purity 乾清宮
8. the Hall of Union 交泰殿
9. the Palace of Earthly Tranquility 坤寧宮

⑨ 中國名勝古跡英文介紹

中國十大名勝古跡
1.北京故宮：
北京故宮古稱紫禁城，是明清兩朝的24代皇帝的宮殿，也是我國現存最完整的宮殿的群體。
2.八達嶺長城：
八達嶺長城被列入了《世界遺產名錄》的中國古代偉大的萬里長城，它體現了我們國古代人民的智慧結晶！
3.承德避暑山莊：
承德避暑山莊位於河北省，又稱熱河行宮，建於清朝是皇家別園。
4.兵馬俑：
兵馬俑是中國第一個封建皇帝的皇陵，修建了36年之久，是一座雄偉的地下皇宮。
5.長江三峽：
長江三峽西起重慶白帝城，全長204千米，稱峽江。
6.桂林山水：
桂林山水是我國著名的風景城市。因為多玉桂樹而得名，有「桂林山水甲天下」之稱。
7.蘇州園林：
蘇州是我們國著名的歷史古城，有園林城市之稱。
8.黃山：
黃山是我國著名的風景名山，它有泰山之雄，峨嵋之秀，華山之險，衡山之煙雲，廬山之瀑布等。
9.杭州西湖：
杭州西湖為與杭州西部，又稱西湖子，風景秀麗，具山水之勝，園林之美。
10.日月潭：
日月潭位於台灣省南投縣東玉山之北，是台灣最大的天然湖泊，被譽為「雙潭秋月」是台灣八大景點之一。直飲水。